產品詳情
伺服電機工作原理:
1、伺服系統(tǒng)(servo mechanism)是使物體的位置、方位、狀態(tài)等輸出被控量能夠跟隨輸入目標(或給定值)的任意變化的自動控制系統(tǒng)。伺服主要靠脈沖來定位,基本上可以這樣理解,伺服電機接收到1個脈沖,就會旋轉1個脈沖對應的角度,從而實現(xiàn)位移,因為,伺服電機本身具備發(fā)出脈沖的功能,所以伺服電機每旋轉一個角度,都會發(fā)出對應數(shù)量的脈沖,這樣,和伺服電機接受的脈沖形成了呼應,或者叫閉環(huán),如此一來,系統(tǒng)就會知道發(fā)了多少脈沖給伺服電機,同時又收了多少脈沖回來,這樣,就能夠很***的控制電機的轉動,從而實現(xiàn)***的定位,可以達到0.001mm。直流伺服電機分為有刷和無刷電機。有刷電機成本低,結構簡單,啟動轉矩大,調速范圍寬,控制容易,需要維護,但維護不方便(換碳刷),產生電磁干擾,對環(huán)境有要求。因此它可以用于對成本敏/感的普通工業(yè)和民用場合。
無刷電機體積小,重量輕,出力大,響應快,速度高,慣量小,轉動平滑,力矩穩(wěn)定??刂茝碗s,容易實現(xiàn)智能化,其電子換相方式靈活,可以方波換相或正弦波換相。電機免維護,效率很高,運行溫度低,電磁輻射很小,長壽命,可用于各種環(huán)境。
2、交流伺服電機也是無刷電機,分為同步和異步電機,目前運動控制中一般都用同步電機,它的功率范圍大,可以做到很大的功率。大慣量,轉動速度低,且隨著功率增大而快速降低。因而適合做低速平穩(wěn)運行的應用。
3、伺服電機內部的轉子是永磁鐵,驅動器控制的U/V/W三相電形成電磁場,轉子在此磁場的作用下轉動,同時電機自帶的編碼器反饋信號給驅動器,驅動器根據(jù)反饋值與目標值進行比較,調整轉子轉動的角度。伺服電機的精度決定于編碼器的精度(線數(shù))。
交流伺服電機和無刷直流伺服電機在功能上的區(qū)別:交流伺服要好一些,因為是正弦波控制,轉矩脈動小。直流伺服是梯形波。但直流伺服比較簡單,便宜。
?伺服電機(servo motor )是指在伺服系統(tǒng)中控制機械元件運轉的發(fā)動機,是一種補助馬達間接變速裝置。
伺服電機可使控制速度,位置精度非常準確,可以將電壓信號轉化為轉矩和轉速以驅動控制對象。伺服電機轉子轉速受輸入信號控制,并能快速反應,在自動控制系統(tǒng)中,用作執(zhí)行元件,且具有機電時間常數(shù)小、線性度高、始動電壓等特性,可把所收到的電信號轉換成電動機軸上的角位移或角速度輸出。分為直流和交流伺服電動機兩大類,其主要特點是,當信號電壓為零時無自轉現(xiàn)象,轉速隨著轉矩的增加而勻速下降。
交流電機一般分為同步和異步電機
1、交流同步電機:就是轉子是由永磁材料構成,所以轉動后,隨著電機的定子旋轉磁場的變化,轉子也做響應頻率的速度變化,而且轉子速度=定子速度,所以稱“同步”。
2、交流異步電機:轉子由感應線圈和材料構成。轉動后,定子產生旋轉磁場,磁場切割定子的感應線圈,轉子線圈產生感應電流,進而轉子產生感應磁場,感應磁場追隨定子旋轉磁場的變化,但轉子的磁場變化永遠小于定子的變化,一旦等于就沒有變化的磁場切割轉子的感應線圈,轉子線圈中也就沒有了感應電流,轉子磁場消失,轉子失速又與定子產生速度差又重新獲得感應電流。。。所以在交流異步電機里有個關鍵的參數(shù)是轉差率就是轉子與定子的速度差的比率。
3、對應交流同步和異步電機變頻器就有相映的同步變頻器和異步變頻器,伺服電機也有交流同步伺服和交流異步伺服,當然變頻器里交流異步變頻常見,伺服則交流同步伺服常見。
五、應用
由于變頻器和伺服在性能和功能上的不同,所以應用也不大相同:
1、在速度控制和力矩控制的場合要求不是很高的一般用變頻器,也有在上位加位置反饋信號構成閉環(huán)用變頻進行位置控制的,精度和響應都不高。現(xiàn)有些變頻也接受脈沖序列信號控制速度的,但好象不能直接控制位置。
2、在有嚴格位置控制要求的場合中只能用伺服來實現(xiàn),還有就是伺服的響應速度遠遠大于變頻,有些對度的精度和響應要求高的場合也用伺服控制,能用變頻控制的運動的場合幾乎都能用伺服取代,關鍵是兩點:一是價格伺服遠遠高于變頻,二是功率的原因:變頻的能做到幾百KW,甚至更高,而伺服就幾十KW。但隨著伺服電機技術不斷提高,功率逐步也能達到幾百KW了。
REXROTH力士樂伺服電機MSK061C-0600-NN-M1-UP1-NNNN
REXROTH力士樂伺服電機MSK061C-0600-NN-M1-UP1-NNNN
力士樂數(shù)控伺服系統(tǒng)
?力士樂REXROTH伺服電機
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